This part applies to the contamination of land even if the contamination-

1. occurred before the commencement of this Act;
2. originated on land other than land referred to in section 38;
3. arises or is likely to arise at a different time from the actual activity that caused the contamination; or
4. arises through an act or activity of a person that results in a change to pre-existing contamination.

1. The Minister, or the MEC in respect of an area which affects the relevant province, may, after consultation with the Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry and any other organ of state concerned, by notice in the Gazette, identify as investigation areas-
   
   1. land on which high-risk activities have taken place or are taking place that are likely to result in land contamination;
   2. land that the Minister or MEC, as the case may be, on reasonable grounds believes to be contaminated.
2. A notice under subsection (1) by the Minister applies nationally, and a notice under that subsection by the MEC applies to the relevant province only.
3. Before publishing a notice under subsection (1), or any amendment to the notice, the Minister or MEC, as the case may be, must follow a consultative process in accordance with sections 72 and 73.
4. Subsection (3) need not be complied with if the notice is amended in a non-substantive manner.
5. An owner of land that is significantly contaminated, or a person who undertakes an activity that caused the land to be significantly contaminated, must notify the Minister and MEC of that contamination as soon as that person becomes aware, of that contamination.
6. Despite subsection (1), the Minister or MEC may issue a written notice to a particular person identifying specific land as an investigation area if the Minister or MEC on reasonable grounds believes that the land is or is likely to be contaminated.

1. The Minister or MEC, as the case may be, may in respect of an investigation area contemplated in section 36, after consultation with the Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry-
   
   1. cause a site assessment to be conducted in respect of the relevant investigation area; or
   2. in a notice published under section 36(1) or issued under section 36(6)-
      
      1. direct the owner of the investigation area; or
      2. direct the person who has undertaken or is undertaking the high risk activity or activity that caused or may have caused the contamination of the investigation area, to cause a site assessment to be conducted by an independent person, at own cost, and to submit a site assessment report to the Minister or MEC within a period specified in the notice.
2. 1. A site assessment report must comply with any directions that may have been published or given by the Minister or MEC in a notice contemplated in section 36(1) or (6) and must at least include information on whether the investigation area is contaminated.
   2. Where the findings of the site assessment report are that the investigation area is contaminated, the site assessment report must at least contain information on whether-
      
      1. the contamination has already impacted on health or the environment;
      2. the substances present in or on the land are toxic, persistent or bioaccumulative or are present in large quantities or high concentrations or occur in combinations;
      3. there are exposure pathways available to the substances;
      4. the use or proposed use of the land and adjoining land increases or is likely to increase the risk to health or the environment;
      5. the substances have migrated or are likely to migrate from the land;
      6. the acceptable exposure for human and environmental receptors in that environment have been exceeded;
      7. any applicable standards have been exceeded; and
      8. the area should be remediated or any other measures should be taken to manage or neutralise the risk.
3. For the purposes of this section, land may be regarded as being contaminated at any particular time if the risk of harm to health or the environment could eventuate only in certain circumstances and those circumstances do not exist at the time that the site assessment is undertaken, but those circumstances are reasonably foreseeable.

1. On receipt of a site assessment report contemplated in section 37, the Minister or MEC, as the case may be, may, after consultation with the Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry and any other organ of state concerned, decide that-
   
   1. the investigation area is contaminated, presents a risk to health or the environment, and must be remediated urgently;
   2. the investigation area is contaminated, presents a risk to health or the environment, and must be remediated within a specified period;
   3. the investigation area is contaminated and does not present an immediate risk, but that measures are required to address the monitoring and management of that risk; or
   4. the investigation area is not contaminated.
2. If the Minister or MEC, as the case may be, decides that an investigation area is contaminated and requires remediation, the Minister or MEC must declare the land to be a remediation site and make such remediation order as is necessary to neutralise that risk.
3. If the Minister or MEC, as the case may be, decides that the investigation area does not present an immediate risk, but that measures are required to address the monitoring and management of that risk, the Minister or MEC may make an order specifying the measures that must be taken.
4. Unless otherwise directed, a remediation order under subsection (2), an order under subsection (3) or a directive under section 37(1) must be complied with at the cost of the person against whom the order or directive is issued.
5. The Minister or MEC, as the case may be, may amend a remediation order if-
   
   1. ownership of the land is transferred and the new owner in writing assumes responsibility for the remediation; or
   2. new information or evidence warrants an amending the order.

1. A remediation order issued under section 38(2) or an order issued under section 38(3) must describe, to the extent that it is applicable-
   
   1. the person who is responsible for undertaking the remediation;
   2. the land to which the order applies;
   3. the nature of the contamination;
   4. the measures that must be taken to remediate the land or the standards that must be complied with when remediating the land;
   5. the period within which the order must be complied with;
   6. whether any limitations in respect of the use of the land are imposed;
   7. the measures that must be taken to monitor or manage the risk; and
   8. any other prescribed matter.
2. Before issuing a remediation order or an amended remediation order, the Minister or MEC, as the case may be, must consult with the Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry and any other organ of state concerned.
3. The Minister or MEC, as the case may be, may instruct any official within his or her Department to ensure that the remediation order is complied with.

1. No person may transfer contaminated land without informing the person to whom that land is to be transferred that the land is contaminated and, in the case of a remediation site, without notifying the Minister or MEC and complying with any conditions that are specified by the Minister or MEC, as the case may be.
2. 1. For the purposes of ensuring compliance with this section, the Minister must notify the relevant Registrar of Deeds appointed in terms of the Deeds Registries Act, 1937 (Act No. 47 of 1937), of any land that has been declared as a remediation site.
   2. The notification contemplated in paragraph (a) must identify the land sufficiently to enable the Registrar of Deeds to enter the necessary information in or on registers and documents kept by his or her Office.

1. The Minister must keep a national contaminated land register of investigation areas that includes information on-
   
   1. the owners and any users of investigation areas;
   2. the location of investigation areas;
   3. the nature and origin of the contamination;
   4. whether an investigation area-
      
      1. is contaminated, presents a risk to health or the environment, and must be remediated urgently;
      2. is contaminated, presents a risk to health or the environment, and must be remediated within a specified period;
      3. is contaminated and does not present an immediate risk, but measures are required to address the monitoring and management of that risk; or
      4. is not contaminated;
   5. the status of any remediation activities on investigation areas; and
   6. restrictions of use that have been imposed on investigation areas.
2. The Minister may change the status of an investigation area contemplated in subsection (1)(d)(i) or (ii) as provided for in subsection (1)(d)(iii) or (iv) if a remediation order has been complied with or other circumstances eventuate that justify such a change.
3. An MEC who has identified an investigation area must furnish the relevant information to the Minister for recording in the national contaminated land register.

1. A waste management officer may establish a programme for the public recognition of significant achievements in the area of waste avoidance, minimisation or other forms of waste management.
2. The programme contemplated in subsection (1) may contain mechanisms to make the public aware of sound waste management practices.